Low water pressure can be frustrating, affecting everything from showers to dishwashing. Fortunately, diagnosing and fixing the issue can often be done without calling a plumber. Below, we outline how to identify the cause and take the necessary steps to restore proper water flow.
Common Causes of Low Water Pressure
- Clogged Aerators or Showerheads – Over time, mineral deposits build up, restricting water flow.
- Partially Closed Shutoff Valves – If the main water valve or supply valves to fixtures aren’t fully open, water pressure can drop.
- Pipe Leaks – Even a small leak can reduce water pressure by diverting water elsewhere.
- Faulty Pressure Regulator – If your home has a pressure regulator, it may be failing, causing fluctuations.
- Municipal Water Supply Issues – Sometimes, the problem originates from the city’s supply due to maintenance or water main breaks.
- Aging or Corroded Pipes – Old galvanized pipes can become clogged with rust and debris, leading to poor water flow.
How to Identify the Problem
Step 1: Check Multiple Fixtures
- If only one faucet has low pressure, the issue is likely a clogged aerator.
- If multiple fixtures are affected, the problem may be a main supply issue or a leak.
Step 2: Test Hot and Cold Water
- If low pressure occurs only with hot water, your water heater may be malfunctioning or have sediment buildup.
- If both hot and cold water are weak, look at other possible causes like clogged pipes or municipal issues.
Step 3: Inspect for Leaks
- Check under sinks and around pipes for signs of moisture.
- Turn off all water fixtures, then watch your water meter. If it continues moving, you likely have a hidden leak.
Step 4: Test the Water Pressure
- Attach a pressure gauge to an outdoor hose bib or sink tap. Normal residential water pressure ranges between 40-60 PSI.
- If it’s below 40 PSI, you may need to adjust the pressure regulator or check for supply issues.
How to Fix Low Water Pressure
1. Clean Clogged Aerators and Showerheads
- Unscrew the aerator or showerhead.
- Soak it in vinegar for an hour to dissolve mineral buildup.
- Scrub with a toothbrush, rinse, and reinstall.
2. Fully Open Shutoff Valves
- Locate the main water valve (usually near your water meter).
- Turn it counterclockwise fully to ensure it’s open.
- Also, check individual fixture shutoff valves under sinks and toilets.
3. Fix Leaking Pipes
- If you find a leak, patch it with plumbing tape or epoxy as a temporary fix.
- For major leaks, shut off the main water supply and call a professional.
4. Adjust or Replace the Pressure Regulator
- If your home has a pressure regulator, it may need adjusting.
- Turn the adjustment screw clockwise to increase pressure.
- If faulty, replacing it may be necessary.
5. Address Municipal Supply Issues
- Ask neighbors if they’re experiencing the same issue.
- Contact your water provider to check if there’s maintenance or a pressure reduction in your area.
6. Replace Aging Pipes
- If you have old galvanized pipes, they may be corroded inside.
- Consider repiping with copper or PEX for long-term improvement.
When to Call a Plumber
If DIY fixes don’t solve the problem, or if you suspect a hidden leak, a professional plumber can diagnose and repair complex issues.
By following these steps, you can restore strong, steady water pressure in your home without unnecessary stress or expenses.
