The assembly of the printed circuit board is a vital step in electronic devices. After the printed circuit board assembly, all electronic components are connected to one another by the circuit in the PCBs, and then electronic function can be achieved. The efficient assembly can improve the consistency and performance of the end product. A product is reliable when it is correctly assembled.
A lot of factors are involved in the PCB assembly process, such as PCB fabrication, electronic components choice, different PCB assembly technologies such as PTH assembly, SMT assembly, manual PCB assembly, and different testing and inspections. Here we will talk about what are the best practices for a successful printed circuit board assembly.
PCB Assembly Design
PCB fabrication and assembly are the most critical parts of the development of electronic products. Making a functional PCB board involves a lot of factors, such as efficient design and then error-free assembly of electronic components on the PCB. So, PCB design is the first step in the PCB assembly process. The following are the main steps in a complete PCB Assembly design.
Schematic Capture
The initial step in PCB assembly is schematic capture. In this section, a circuit figure is formed using software. A visual representation is prepared by using the software. This representation consists of all components and their connection to one another.
PCB Layout
Once the capture is finalized, the next step is the layout of the PCB. This stage includes the physical layout of the board. It has a brief explanation of components, places, power and ground planes and routing of traces.
Component Placement
It is the most critical part of any PCB assembly. To optimize the best performance of any circuit board, component placement plays a vital role. Component placement affects the routing, size and thermal management of circuit boards.
Copper Trace Routing
This process is done to create the connection among the components. The traces are made to connect every component correctly. It is done carefully to minimize the interference of the signal on board. And it is necessary to make certain that the board is functioning properly.
Design Rule Checking (DRC)
This is the final step; the design is checked according to design rules so that it meets the criteria of the needed specifications. The rules consist of maximum current levels, less trace widths, minimum clearances, etc.
In a nutshell, PCB design consists of several sections. Each stage has its own importance that affects the overall performance of the board. To create good-quality PCBs, this design process can be followed to fulfil the required terms of the product.
Effective PCB Assembly Practices for Success
To achieve a successful PCB assembly and get functional electronic devices, we need to complete the PCB assembly process carefully. For this keep these points in mind.
- PCBs should be produced by reliable suppliers with 100% E-testing and other inspections.
- Select the components that are suitable for your application.
- Choose the components that have a record of reliable performance.
- Do not use components that are difficult to find and have a lengthy lead
- To optimize cost utilize the best packaging sizes.
- Average footprints were utilized to ease the assembly.
- A reliable printed circuit board assembly company should be used.
- Think about the difficulties in PCB assembly, and try to avoid using a manual PCB assembly process to save costs.
- AOI inspection, ICT and functional tests should be done to ensure good quality.
 Practices for Successful PCB Manufacturing
A qualified printed circuit board is the most critical factor to ensure a successful printed circuit board assembly process. Once PCB designing is done, printed circuit board fabrication is considered an important aspect. Observe the following recommended practices:
- Ensure the PCB is produced to the required specifications, such as material, board thickness, stack up, copper thickness, surface finish, etc.
- Use the most commonly used material and technology if possible.
- Use the normal shapes and sizes to minimize costs and ease assembly.
- Try using easy and simplified designs that are cheap for manufacturing.
- To enhance efficiency, better doing panelization.
 Practices for Successful PCB Assembly
It is essential to know that PCB assembly is feasible, efficient and quick. For successful PCB assembly, please follow the following specifications:
- For the optimization of cost and efficiency utilize the automated technology.
- Minimize the assembly steps by using specific supportive tools.
- Use standard technology and software to streamline assembly.
- To enhance quality and minimize cost, lessen the number of manual assembly steps.
For the best, effective, pocket-friendly, and reliable PCB assembly, these practices for manufacturing and testing can be used.
 Practices for Successful PCB Testing
Testing is done for the valid and effective PCBs. Follow the recommendations:
- Open/short E-tests are critical to ensure electronic connections
- AOI inspection is very important for error-free PCB production and assembly
- In-circuit test (ICT) is helpful for defect failure in the PCB assembly process
- X-ray check can be used to detect faulty connectors under BGA components
- The functional test is the most effective test to ensure successful PCB assembly
- Visual inspection is always important to prevent minor visual defects
- Use different access points to ease debugging.
- Use different built tests and diagnostic characteristics to ease testing
Printed circuit board assembly
Important Points for Successful PCB Assembly
During the making of PCBs, various elements must be taken into consideration. Every element affects the outcome, complexity and the cost. Some factors are uncontrollable, but still, as a customer, you have an impact on many other issues. For the handling of an assembly, take some notice of the following points.
Understand the PCB Assembly Process
The assembly of the PCB is a very complicated and technical process. From the design of the board to its layout, PCB fabrication, PCB assembly and final testing. The entire process includes many steps that need careful planning, effort and patience. Work closely with the PCB assembly service provider to understand everything clearly.
Design for Manufacturing (DFM) Check
Before contacting a company for assembly, it is always advised to have a detailed design for manufacturing (DFM) check. The assembly provider will make the DFM check and explain to you the best methods to assemble your printed circuit board. Some of the PCBs are best suited for automation while others are good for manual assembly. Similar to this, some parts can’t be soldered by hand because they are too small in size. Therefore, a common understanding of SMT PCB assembly, PTH PCB assembly and manual PCB assembly process would be very helpful.
Talk with the PCB Assembly Provider
Successful production requires effective communication between you and the PCB assembly provider. Your PCB assembler knows the PCB assembly process very well, so they can provide you with important advice about how you will improve your design. You can also describe to them the necessary specifications you require for high quality, such as, the specifications like high-power output or robust signal transfer. Avoiding adjustments that could be needed later this can save both your time and money.
Expenses
During the assembling of any PCBs, there will not be the same expenses associated with the assembly process. The cost of assembling a PCB differs depending on different factors. The factors are the number of electric components, types of assembly technology, PCB material, process requirements, component packaging size, coating requirements, and other factors. Learn about these expenses in advance of beginning the assembling process to avoid being taken aback later.
Lead Time in PCB Assembly
The most important step is to know about the time and effort needed for the complete PCB assembly process. The technology, skill and experience vary according to the assembly services provider. All these factors affect the lead time. So, take the time into account before proceeding. The customer will be more satisfied when the company delivers the board on time.
Conclusion
The entire industry is now dependent on printed circuit board assembly as PCBs are necessary components. Whether it is the aerospace, healthcare, telecommunications, or automotive industries, they all have a demand for PCBs now. The PCB assembly has grown faster as a result of its high demand. The market is expanding, and competition is increasing, so it is necessary to provide the highest standards of assembly services at reasonable costs.
